MET Conference Agenda

The transition to a low-carbon, resource-efficient steel sector depends on the effective integration of both scrap and ore-based metallics within a circular production paradigm. While scrap recycling is central to reducing energy use and emissions, its availability, quality variability, and contamination constraints limit its capacity to fully meet growing global steel demand—particularly for high-grade applications. We examine these sustainability challenges and highlight the complementary role of ore-based metallics, such as pig iron, direct reduced iron (DRI) and hot briquetted iron (HBI), in bridging the gap between scrap supply and quality requirements.

We present a systems-level analysis of material flows, highlighting how optimized blends of scrap and virgin iron units can enhance circularity while maintaining product integrity. The study evaluates technological pathways, including electric arc furnace (EAF) advancements and hydrogen-based DRI, as enablers of low-emission steelmaking.

We underscore that a sustainable circular steel economy is not solely scrap-driven but relies on a balanced ecosystem where ore-based metallics act as a critical stabilizing input. Policy frameworks, supply chain coordination, and investment in cleaner ironmaking technologies are identified as key levers to scale this hybrid approach.