Products such as electronics and vehicles become more and more complex as a result of technical developments. A broader range of materials, yet in smaller amounts, are embedded in various combinations and designs in current products. These developments complicate material recovery greatly. On the other hand, the CRM Act shows high ambitions on the supply of raw materials from recycling, leading to the question: how can we manage this? Mapping value chains and their corresponding material flows form the basis to gain insights: tracking CRMs throughout value chains and identifying CRM hotpots allow for targeted recycling studies. At TNO, we combine modelling, materials and recycling expertise to capture product complexity and variety in recycling options into one model. With that model we provide insights to which exits CRMs may take in a recycling process, allowing to track CRMs throughout a recycling line, as well as optimizing the recovery of CRMs within the existing process or future recycling processes. This presentation will show some key insights and opportunities to improve recovery of CRMs.